The generation of nitrogen oxides within post-blast gases (commonly referred to as “fume”) has become increasingly important for mines from a safety, productivity and regulatory standpoint, particularly those in populated areas. Coal mines are susceptible to fume when sleeping large blasts in soft, weathered and wet sedimentary rock. In response to industry demand, Orica has developed a complete Fume Risk Reduction protocol that takes a holistic view on the blasting operation to seek and control the many possible causes of fume without affecting productivity, and in many cases without increasing costs.